Which type of memory is used for quick, temporary data storage while a computer is running?

The correct choice is RAM, which stands for Random Access Memory. This type of memory is specifically designed for quick and temporary data storage while a computer is in operation. RAM allows the system to access data much faster than other types of storage, facilitating immediate read and write capabilities that are essential for executing programs and processing tasks.

When a computer is powered on, RAM temporarily holds the data and instructions that the CPU needs while it is performing tasks. This includes everything from running operating systems to software applications. The transient nature of RAM means that once the computer is turned off, all data stored in RAM is lost, which is why it is considered volatile memory.

In contrast, ROM (Read-Only Memory) retains data permanently but is not suitable for temporary storage and quick data manipulation since it cannot be easily altered. Flash memory and hard disk storage provide longer-term data retention but do not match the speed of RAM for quick access during active processing within the computer. This speed and efficiency make RAM a critical component for overall system performance.