What is the function of an operating system's kernel?

The kernel of an operating system is a crucial component that serves the primary function of managing system resources and hardware. It acts as a bridge between the applications and the actual data processing performed at the hardware level. The kernel is responsible for managing memory, scheduling processes, handling input and output, and ensuring that hardware and software can effectively communicate with each other.

By controlling resource allocation — such as CPU time, memory access, and hardware input/output — the kernel ensures that multiple applications can run simultaneously without interfering with one another. This management is essential for maintaining system stability and performance. Essentially, the kernel plays a foundational role in the operation of an operating system, enabling it to function efficiently and effectively.