What is an algorithm?

An algorithm is defined as a step-by-step procedure or formula for solving a problem. It is a systematic approach to problem-solving that involves a series of well-defined instructions that can be followed to achieve a specific goal or outcome. Algorithms can be used in various contexts, such as computer programming, mathematics, and everyday decision-making.

The essence of an algorithm lies in its ability to provide clear and logical sequences that lead to the desired results. Whether it's sorting a list of names, finding the shortest route between two points, or processing data inputs, algorithms encapsulate the methodology behind these problem-solving processes. This makes them fundamental in computer science, where they serve as the backbone of programming and software development.

The other options do not align with the concept of an algorithm. A software program refers to a collection of instructions and processes that can use algorithms, but it is not the definition of an algorithm itself. A type of data structure pertains to how data is organized and stored, which can support the implementation of algorithms, but again does not define what an algorithm is. An operating system function describes tasks that the OS performs to manage computer resources, which may utilize algorithms but is distinct from the definition of an algorithm.